Hamlet: What If

He would then later not have seen Aphelia being carried off into her grave. Here Hamlet fought with Alerts about how many crocodiles that they would eat to prove their love to Aphelia. Alerts would not have been back if Aphelia and Polonium had not died. This anger during this funeral lead This duel is an integral part of the play because of the very many events that occur in correlation to one another. Prior to the duel, Claudia and Alerts set up the several ways and backups for Hamlet to be killed. First they poisoned and sharpened the epee that Alerts would use.If Alerts did not strike Hamlet, they would use a poisoned chalice that Hamlet could drink from between rounds. During the duel, Hamlet wins the first two rounds (which does not matter), refusing the chalice twice. If he did not refuse, then Gertrude would have never drank from it, killing herself. A controversial topic is why she drank from it. Did she not know better? Was she suicidal? Did she do it to save Hamlet? Hamlet knew that Claudia was out to get him after his mother died to the poisoned chalice that was offered to him.In the third round, in the confusion of rage, he is poked by Alerts' poisoned epee. â€Å"It is here, Hamlet. Hamlet, thou art slain; No medicine in the world can do thee good. In thee there is not half an hour of life. The treacherous instrument is in thy hand, Unabated and envenomed. The foul practice Hath turned itself on me. Lo, here I lie, Never to rise again. Thy mother's poison's. I can no more. The King, the King's to blame. â€Å"Knowing the imminence of death, Hamlet then killed King Claudia of Denmark using he poisoned epee out of revenge for both of his parent's.Alerts dies also from the poison-point. Hamlet is the last to die from the poison, in Hortatory arms, naming Fortifiers the new king of Denmark. This is the only way the duel scene could have played out, the only variables were Gertrude drinking the poison (and her knowledge of it) and Hamlet getting poke d by Alerts' poisoned point. If Gertrude DID know about the conspiracy to kill Hamlet, she could have been possible for to have thrown herself in front of Alerts' point. Either way, she would not have gotten out alive.If here was no way for her to live, then Hamlet would have always killed Claudia. If Hamlet did not get poisoned, then he would have ruled Denmark. However, the â€Å"hero† living at the end of a tragedy is not characteristic of Shakespearean plays. Hamlet would have probably killed himself at the end, anyways, with his mother, lover, and still yet his father, dead. Shakespeare was well aware of how multiple outcomes could play out and probably made a hundred drafts of his play, trying to make it the most attention- grabbing possible. He, as proven, had most definitely succeeded in doing so.

Case Analysis: Profitability of Wendy’s Chilli Essay

Dave Thomas, the founder of Wendy’s restaurant, opened his first restaurant on November 15, 1969 in Columbus, Ohio. Dave was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey on July 2, 1932. He was adopted at six weeks old by Rex and Auleva Thomas. Dave moved from state to state with his father when his mother passed at the age of 5. At the age of 12, Dave obtained his first job at a restaurant in Knoxville. Thus, he began his love for the restaurant business. At the age of 15, Dave dropped out of high school to work full time in the restaurant business. While working full-time at the Hobby House restaurant, Dave met Colonel Sanders, the founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken (now KFC). In 1962, Dave was offered the opportunity to turn around four failing Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants in Columbus, Ohio. Utilizing his past experience, Dave turned the restaurants around, sold them back to KFC, and immediately became a millionaire all at the age of 35. He then co-founded Arthur Treacher’s Fish and Chips. Dave again capitalized on his experiences in restaurant management when he decided to establish his own restaurant. Since hamburgers were his favorite food, Dave decided to start a restaurant that would serve a quality hamburger without a 30 minute waiting period. Named for his eight year old daughter, Dave started Wendy’s. In order to focus on quality and remain competitive, the menu was limited to four basic products excluding beverages. The product line included hamburgers, chili, french fries, and Wendy’s Frosty Dairy Dessert. Wendy’s hamburgers patties consisted of ? pound of 100 percent pure domestic beef, served as a square shaped patty rather than a round shaped patty, and served â€Å"hot ‘n juicy† in accordance with individual customer orders. The french fries were sliced slightly longer and thicker from high quality potatoes and cooked in specially-designed fryers to allow the inside to be cooked without burning the outside. Wendy’s Frosty Dairy Dessert is a thick blend of vanilla and chocolate flavors and must be served with a spoon as a dessert rather than a straw. Wendy’s chili is the fourth basic menu item. Whenever the cook overestimated customer demand, beef patties stayed on the grill beyond the recommended time. This caused the beef patties to be well done. To avoid customer dissatisfaction, Wendy’s used the â€Å"well done† beef patties that had been refrigerated from the previous day and could not be served to customers. Each eight ounce serving contained about a quarter pound of ground beef. Wendy’s chili is prepared by the assistant manager or an experienced crew member using an original recipe. The labor cost for the assistant manager and crew member is listed in Table 1. The cost to prepare the chili is listed in Table 2 below. Table 3, illustrates the direct cost associated with the production of chili. Table 1. Labor costs for assistant manager or a crew member to prepare chili in 1978 Table 2. Ingredients and costs in 1978. Table 3. Direct cost for 1978 In the event of a shortage of overcooked patties, beef patties were cooked for the sole purpose of inclusion in the chili. In order to prepare a pot of chili, it took 10 to 20 minutes of preparation time. This process required chopping the meat into small pieces, adding the other ingredients and stirring the batch six times. Sixty percent of the total annual sales for chili occurred during the months from October to March. The chili product has the lowest gross profit margin. The 1978 labor and additional direct costs are listed in Table 4 below. Table 4. Cost of Chili Preparation, Overall Cost of Chili and Profit of Chili. In November 1979, Wendy’s became the first national restaurant chain to introduce a Salad Bar on the menu. Initial test marketing of the salad bar concept had been successful. This innovative idea also posed a dilemma. If Wendy’s was to follow their limited menu concept, the salad bar would potentially replace chili since it had the lowest profit margin on a full cost basis. Then, management would be faced with containing the cost of the overcooked patties that resulted from overestimating customer demand and cooking too many hamburgers. While hamburgers comprised 55 percent of total sales, chili sales comprised of five percent of total sales. The chili was most popular between the months of October through March. During these months, 60 percent of the total annual chili sales occurred. Management was faced with deciding which product would be best to sustain long-term profitability. Wendy’s revenues were derived from the sales made from company-owned restaurants, from royalties paid to the company by owners of franchised restaurants, from fees paid by the owners of franchised restaurants for technical assistance and from interest earned on investments. By 1978, Wendy’s operated 1,407of restaurants. Of this number, 1,119 stores were owned by franchisees. Franchised stores were built to a uniformed specification and were not located within the same market areas as company-owned stores. Most restaurants were located in urban or densely populated suburban areas; a large volume of customers was a primary factor for Wendy’s success. Each franchisee paid a $15,000 fee for technical assistance prior to the opening of a restaurant for services such as site selection, construction plans, initial training for owners and staff members, advertising materials, national purchasing agreements and operations manuals. For 1978, company-owned stores generated 84. 13% of revenue, royalties generated 12. 65% of revenue, technical assistance fees generated 1. 87% of revenue, and interest from investments generated 1. 35% of revenue. The income statement from Moody’s is listed in Table 5 below (Moody’s, 1980, p. 1565). Table 5. By focusing on a product differentiation marketing strategy, quality food, quick service and reasonable prices, Wendy’s was able to achieve its financial success and to grow rapidly at a time when the fast-food industry appeared to be saturated. The adoption of the limited menu concept also contributed to this success. Having a limited menu concept allowed Wendy’s to concentrate on the quality of a few menu items and allowed Wendy’s to quickly prepare a meal to the customer specifications. The limited menu concept does not allow for changes in consumer preferences nor does it allow Wendy’s to compete with other fast food restaurants serving items such as chicken. In 1970, Wendy’s broke new grounds by opening a second restaurant with a unique feature. This restaurant featured a drive-thru window with a special grill within the pick-up window. Wendy’s was able to achieve success in their drive-thru window concept, because their product was served fresh from the special grill within a short span of time. While other restaurants offered a standard product through their dive-thru window, Wendy’s differentiated their concept by offering a product that was prepared fresh to the customer’s specifications. Therefore, the product delivery time did not increase when preparing the order as requested by the customer, whether in the dining room or through the pick-up window. Wendy’s used a product differentiation approach for their hamburgers. By marketing the hamburgers as a square patty rather than a round patty, Wendy’s was successful in advertising their hamburgers as â€Å"old-fashioned. † Wendy’s also cooked each hamburger in a manner that provided a customized hamburger for each customer quickly and at a reasonable price. Innovations have been the key to Wendy’s growth. Their innovative style of management has made Wendy’s a leader in the fast-food industry. By catering to young adults and adults, Wendy’s has attempted to create brand loyalty among their target customers. Wendy’s recognized the dynamic needs of their customers and consequently offered a dining experience that emphasized quality food, fast and friendly service within a setting that is common throughout all their restaurants. Wendy’s has made growth a priority in their strategic plan in order to achieve high employee retention and satisfaction rates. According to Doorley and Donovan, â€Å"employee satisfaction rises when a company grows, probably because people experience new challenges and are excited about being on a winning team (Swanson, 2001). † The introduction of a salad bar will contribute to a diversification strategy that will also augment their innovative approach. Chart 1. Sales comparison of Wendy’s and competitors. Quality was a foundational component in the first Wendy’s restaurant. This was due largely to uncompromising passion for quality by the founder, Dave Thomas. Quality still remains the top priority in the food, people and service industry. The mission statement of Wendy’s is: â€Å"To deliver superior quality products and services for our customers and communities through leadership, innovation and partnerships (Wendy’s, 2004). † The vision statement of Wendy’s is: â€Å"to be the quality leader in everything we do (Swanson, 2001). † This core value has guided the organization and helps to define the corporate culture and distinguished Wendy’s from the competitors. Business Creations recommends Wendy’s pursue adding salads to their limited menu concept; however, this should be done as a menu item rather than as a Salad Bar concept. Since Wendy’s has placed a high emphasis on quality, a Salad Bar concept introduces various risk factors which may cause dissatisfaction among the customers. Risk factors such as foreign objects falling into items on the Salad Bar and the food area remaining sanitized are just two of the risk factors. Also, the Salad Bar concept would require additional labor to replenish the stock. To maintain a consistent standard, Wendy’s should prepare the salad and sell the item as a pre-packaged menu item. We also recommend Wendy’s further evaluate removing chili from the menu in the 128 restaurants in the southern states during the summer months since sales decrease to 40 percent during this time frame. Excess beef patties can then be used as a topping for a salad, such as a Taco Salad. References: Hoover’s fact sheet. (2003). Retrieved from: www. hoovers. com/wendy’s/–ID__11621–/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers.com/sonic/–ID__13112–/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers. com/krystal/–ID__15659–/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers. com/burger-king/–ID__54531–/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers. com/mcdonald’s/–ID__10974–/free-co-factsheet. xhtml on May 2, 2004. Moody’s OTC Industrial Manual. (1980). New York, NY: Moody’s Investors Service, 1565. Swanson, B. (2001). â€Å"New strategic plan combines the best of Wendy’s and Tim Hortons. † Wendy’s Magazine. 13. â€Å"Wendy’s strategic plan†. Retrieved from www. wendy’s-invest. com on May 2, 2004.

Ms Syllabus

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Work-Integrated Learning Programmes M. S. Microelectronics at BITS Pilani Professional Development Centre, Bangalore Type of Input | Sponsored employees (with adequate work experience in Microelectronics area) with a First Degree of BITS or its equivalent | Duration| Normally Four Semesters| Special Feature | This is a specially designed programme to meet the Human Resource Development requirements of various collaborating organizations at Bangalore.Structured classes would be held in Bangalore regularly. | Semesterwise Pattern Course No. | Course Title| Units| First Year First Semester| MELTI ZG573MELTI ZG512MELTI ZG511MELTI ZG631| Digital Signal ProcessingEmbedded System DesignDesign & Analysis of AlgorithmsPhysics & Modelling of Microelectronics Devices| 3455| First Year Second Semester| MELTI ZG621MELTI ZG632MELTI ZG641MELTI ZG611| VLSI DesignAnalog IC Design CAD for IC DesignIC Fabrication Technology| 5555| Second Year First Semest er|MELTI ZG642MELTI ZG531MELTI ZG625MELTI ZG651| VLSI ArchitectureTestability for VLSI Advanced Analog and Mixed Signal Design Hardware Software Co-Design| 4554| Second Year Second Semester| MELTI ZG629T| Dissertation| 20| Note: This is the currently operative pattern as approved by the Senate-appointed committee, subject to change if the situation warrants. Fee Schedule Application Processing Fees Rs. 800/-, Admission Fees Rs. 10000/-, Each Semester Fees Rs. 17500/-, Each Semester BITS Professional Development Centre Membership Fees Rs. 2500/-. Course Descriptions MELTI ZG511 Design & Analysis of Algorithms 5 Design techniques such as divide-and-conquer, recursion, backtracking, branch-and-bound, simulation; Analysis in terms of average level and worst level efficiency; Relationship to appropriate data structures; Illustrations dealing with problems in computer science, graph theory and mathematics; Computational complexity and bounds; NP-hard and NP-complete problems. MELTI ZG512 Embedded Systems Design 4Introduction to embedded systems; embedded architectures: Architectures and programming of microcontrollers and DSPs. Embedded applications and technologies; power issues in system design; introduction to software and hardware co-design. MELTI ZG531 Testability for VLSI 5 BIST, boundary sean, stuck-at faults, test generation algorithms for combinatorial logic circuits and sequential circuits, logic simulation and fault simulation, synthesis for test, built in self test, pseudo-random test techniques, other test methods – IDDQ testing, boundary scan etc.MELTI ZG573 Digital Signal Processing 3 Introduction; design of analog filters; design of digital filters: (IIR and FIR); structures for the realization of digital filters; random signals and random processes; linear estimation and prediction; Wiener filters; DSP processor architecture; DSP algorithms for different applications. MELTI ZG611 IC Fabrication Technology 5 Material properties; Crystal growth and doping; diffusion; oxidation; epitaxy; Ion implantation; Deposition of films using CVD, LPCVD and puttering techniques; Wet and dry etching and cleaning; Lithographic process; Device and circuit fabrication; Process modeling and simulation. MELTI ZG621 VLSI Design 5 Introduction to NMOS and CMOS circuits; NMOS and CMOS processing technology; CMOS circuits and logic design; circuit characterization and performance estimation; Structured design and testing; Symbolic layout systems; CMOS subsystem design; System case studies.MELTI ZG625 Advanced Analog and Mixed Signal Design 5 Design of high speed comparators and Op-amps; analog buffers; different architectures of A/D and D/A converters; analog multipliers and dividers; design of PLLS; design methods for switched capacitor filters sample and hold circuits; mixed signal design issues; noise coupling from substrate and its reduction; cross talk and shielding; analog layout techniques for mixed signal designs. MELTI ZG629T Dissertat ion 20A student registered in this course must take a topic in an area of professional interest drawn from the on the job work requirement which is simultaneously of direct relevance to the degree pursued by the student as well as to the employing / collaborating organization of the student and submit a comprehensive report at the end of the semester working under the overall supervision and guidance of a professional expert who will be deemed as the supervisor for evaluation of all components of the dissertation.Normally the Mentor of the student would be the Dissertation supervisor and in case Mentor is not approved as the supervisor, Mentor may play the role of additional supervisor. The final grades for dissertation are Non-letter grades namely Excellent, Good, Fair and Poor, which do not go into CGPA computation. MELTI ZG631 Physics & Modeling of Microelectronics Devices5 Physics and Properties of semiconductor – a review; PN junction diode; bipolar transistor; Metal-sem iconductor contacts; JFET and MESFET; MOSFET and scaling; CCD and photonic devices.MELTI ZG632 Analog IC Design 5 Basic concepts; BICMOS process and technology; current and voltage sources; Differential and Operational Amplifiers; Multipliers and modulators; phase-lock techniques; D-to-A and A- to-D converters; Micropower circuits; High voltage circuits; Radiation Resistant Circuits; Filter design considerations. MELTI ZG641 CAD for IC Design 5Introduction to VLSI design methodologies and supporting CAD tool environment; Overview of `C', Data structure, Graphics and CIF; Concepts, structures and algorithms of some of the following CAD tools; Schematic editors; Layout editors; Module generators; Silicon compilers; Placement and routing tools; Behavioral, functional, logic and circuit simulators; Aids for test generation and testing. MELTI ZG642 VLSI Architecture 4Overview of CISC processor architectures; Instruction set architecture of CISC processor; hardware flow-charting methods; implementing microprocessor logic from hardware flowcharts; RISC instruction set architecture; pipelined execution of RISC instructions; pipeline execution unit design; control hazards; design of memory hierarchy. MELTI ZG651 Hardware Software Co-Design 4 FPGA and ASIC based design, Low-Power Techniques in RT Embedded Systems On-chip networking. Hardware Software partitioning and scheduling, Co-simulation, synthesis and verifications, Architecture mapping, HW-SW Interfaces and Re-configurable computing.

Long term effects of CO2 emmisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Long term effects of CO2 emmisions - Essay Example Minute amounts of CO2 are produced during cellular metabolism and CO2 is a normal component of the human body. CO2 is present in the blood in the form of dissolved CO2, carbonic acid, and the bicarbonate ion. (CCOHS) The majority of CO2Â  is excreted from the body as exhaled air. Global warming which in an overall increase in the earth’s temperature is caused due to the extensive emission of green house gases (one of these is CO2). CO2 is produced by manufacturing industries that let out their wastes in the form of smoke. Other sources are light and heavy vehicles, volcanic eruptions, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) and deforestation. It is a known fact that CO2 has harmful effects but the long term effects and consequences that this gas has on the environment cannot be known for sure. The reason behind this is that the atmosphere of the earth is extremely complex and is composed of not only the carbon dioxide gas but a combination of numerous other variables. The climatic conditions of a region can be predicted to a certain extent by experts who collect data and information. This data is not always adequate and accurate because nature is sometimes beyond man’s knowledge and understanding. Nature is unpredictable.

A paper on the slavery and discrimination throughout the history of Essay

A paper on the slavery and discrimination throughout the history of Chinese Immigration in Canada - Essay Example As such the history of Chinese immigration to Canada is a story paved with both slavery and discrimination. Discrimination as to race, age and gender are not only discouraged in Canada, it is considered criminal. The push to eradicate discrimination is so strong that even its citizens have the reputation of being exceedingly politically correct. There are even some who mock them for being ‘too friendly’ a country. But its surprising that such a tactful country, overly sensitive against discrimination has a dark past. And this is not merely the case of the citizenship oppressing certain minority group. On the contrary, it is the government who committed these act of prejudice as it actually legislated a series of discriminatory laws. But in June 2006, Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized at the Parliament for the discriminating policies imposed on Chinese immigrants in the early 20th century. "On behalf of the people and government of Canada, we offer a full apology to Chinese-Canadians for the head tax and express our deepest sorrow for the subsequent exclusion of Chinese immigrants," said Harper. (Xinhua) "We acknowledge the high cost of the head tax meant that many family members were left behind in China, never to be reunited, or that families lived apart and in some cases in extreme poverty for years," he said. It is believed that an estimate of 81,000 people paid this tax. (Xinhua) And on the day of the apology, there are about 35 survivors, 360 of their widows and fewer than 4,000 of their children. (Xinhua) Some of these survivors were present during the apology. Methodology To better understand the abovementioned apology, a research on the factual basis was necessary. Reference to news articles and news archives where made. As well as those to different sector groups. This report aims to present the discrimination suffered by the Chinese when they immigrated to Canada. Hence, after determining the historical facts, analysis of these data would proceed. And a discussion of the discrimination committed against Chinese immigrants in Canada would follow. Historical Background According to my research the following are the historical background of the immigration of Chinese nationals to Canada: The first Chinese immigrants to set foot in Canada were brought from Macao in 1788 by British explorer John Meares. And it was said that they were also the last for the next 70 years. It was thought that they married into native communities on the island and their cultural traces soon lost. (Chinese Immigration) In 1842, Britain and China entered the Treaty of Nanking where in it said that their respective subjects should enjoy full security and protection within the territory of the other. (Con) This included Canada. In the 1850's, due to the gold rush, there was an influx of Chinese immigrants in North America. But when gold was found in Frasier River in British Columbia in around 1858, these Chinese migrants headed north to Frasier Island in British Columbia. In 1860, others began to arrive in British Columbia directly from China. In 1861, a Victoria newspaper welcomed the immigrants by saying: "We have plenty of room for many thousands of Chinamen. There can be no shadow of a doubt but their industry enables them to add very largely to our own revenues." (Chinese Immigration) But they worked as cooks, launderers or as houseboys for wealthy white families. In the 1870's these immigrants were predominantly male. By 1879, the number of Chinese immigrants in the province was estimated to be 6,000. In 1880's the Canadian Pacific Railway was constructed and Chinese workers were brought to help. Between 1881 and 1884, over 15,000 Chinese came to Canada. But Chinese workers were often called on to do the more dangerous jobs. They worked with explosives, carried heavy rocks and stayed in unsafe tents. And pay was really low as compared with the

The Presidency of James Polk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Presidency of James Polk - Essay Example But as these authors have revealed, such a conclusion may be questionable in the light of the events that surrounded the Presidency and Polk’s political career. By highlighting elements and aspects of the Polk Presidency that have not been as widely or as well known, these three authors have questioned whether Polk’s contribution to the United States was an entirely favorable one. Bergeron’s book has also detailed the American war in Mexico and President Polk’s role in American acquisition of territories in the southwest. This book is notable in that it highlights the covert role of the executive in manipulating the events that led to the declaration of hostilities between the United States and Mexico over disputed territories in Texas, New Mexico and California. Bergeron has discussed covert operations undertaken by President Polk, notably the annexation of new Texas territory. This operation was designed in such a manner as to incite a confrontation and thereby provide an excuse for the United States to annex the territory (Bergeron, 1987:67-70). As a part of this strategy, Commodore Robert Stockton was posted to the disputed Mexican border, in order to monitor the developments there. In May of 1845, Stockton recommended that the Texan authorities should gather their forces and challenge Mexican claims to the territory between the rivers Rio Grande and Nueces rivers. He proposed that local militia units should be called up under the command of General Sidney Sherman and armed with weapons to be covertly supplied to them by the United States Government but purportedly acquired from private sources. Stockton’s plan was supported by President Polk, but failed to go through because Anson Jones, who was the President of the Texan Republic, rejected it.

Original topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Original topic - Essay Example More than 40 years passed since the signing the US’s Civil Right Act which stated the equality between Whites and Blacks. Both parties were to access public services equally rather this is not the case since divisions are permeating. Accompanying these divisions is the American Identity paradox. The society has two avenues of foundation, one is on the principles of justice, and equality and the other are on the traditional racism and popular slavery traditions. Although this situation may somehow reflect original cultural and political events, the psychological factors that determine this challenge are pervasive and enduring. Both within and beyond America, the undetermined globalization brings in new psychological, social and economical challenges for the host. With reference to the recently observed ethnic divisions in Europe and Asia, the viewpoints on the varying values, traditions, and belief among the host and immigrants can facilitate observable conflict and violence (G up, 2010,March 13th). Racism and Stereotypes Racism and stereotyping existed in the past and is still present in America. Puerto Rican girls growing up in the United States, they have had a different view because of the Hispanic appearance. For example, a girl in the text grew up in New Jersey and the culture around her was all Puerto Rican. The food, language and all cultural beliefs and behaviors were all Puerto Rican. The girls learnt Puerto Rican culture from masses, dress code and the mode of life reflected their culture. The surveillance the girl received mainly strict due to the culture and family expectations. The girls learnt and received teachings how to dress like elderly women and this sent a different message to other people seeing them as being too mature. The dress code that is the lack of too loud colors provided an avenue for stereotyping by their fellow friends. While attending a business school, the girl lacked an idea of what to wear. She decided to put on what s he saw it felt and looked agreeable to her. An Italian-American cajoled her for wearing everything at once. Men and employers in the street often misinterpreted the accessories, ornaments and short skirts worn by the Puerto Rican girls (Ortiz, n.d) The stereotype that existed of the Hispanic woman is that of hot tamale' or what they many call sexual firebrand. The same idea has received a promotion and backing by many media parties. The women from Latin America receive descriptions such as sizzling and smoldering, which normally used in describing foods. This shows how stereotyping in America exists on a higher scale. According to some reports about the Puerto Rican women at work some men requested sexual favors from the women and upon rejection, they received firing letters. The color the Puerto Rican and Latin women prefer is scarlet, and that originated from their chromosomes. In tropical islands, women and older women often would show skin as a way to keep their bodies cool. How ever, the protection from the family and extended family members gave them the opportunity to do so. In the current world, they receive a different view in a manner that they are depicting loose morals (Ortiz, n.d). In Kansas City, an incident occurred where a Drug Enforcement Administration officer stopped a young man who was out of a flight from Los Angeles. The reason behind the stopping is that, according

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Compare and contrast - Essay Example Most of these artists engaged in paintings of beautiful women a character that we see with works from Sharaku and Katagawa. However, landscapes had been given limited attention by most of thee artists hence the reason for Hokusai’s diversion. Most of the critics of Hokusai’s works defined his landscape paintings as the Western paintings since they differed from Japanese paintings in terms of imagination, composition, atmosphere and the natural observation. A good piece of art showing an assumption of Tsunami off the coast of Japan is an ancient art done by Katsushika Hokusai (Nagata and Bester 28). This piece of art was done between 1760-1849. However, many people argue that this piece of art is not a Tsunami but depicts other things. This geometrical piece of art employs the use of circles, lines, and triangles in an artistic manner, which creates a sense of space collapsing. From the picture, there is an indication that the boatmen are not fighting against the huge wa ve but rather using the flow of the wave for their movement. Most of the artist believes that this picture was created as a symbol of his death since this is just one of the pieces of arts Hokusai produced just before his death. The painting is a traditional Japanese piece of art especially by the Japanese writings that are embedded in it. We also find this feature in the other two paintings indicating that these are traditional ukiyo-e paintings. The piece of art also symbolizes Japanese tradition. Hokusai shows symbols of tradition in this piece of art. Mount Fiji is shown from a background and this time is not shown as a huge mountain but just a small one shifting the focus of everyone’s perception. The picture also indicates Japanese anglers in boats struggling with the sea wave. In addition to this, a sense of energy has been created in this picture. Three quarters of the film is the huge sea wave, which consumes the great mount Fiji. This shows that Hokusai wanted to ex press energy in his composition. The technique used in painting of this picture is from the printing of woodblocks a technique that was mostly used by Buddhists in the 17th century. Otanaji Oniji II is a 1794-95 piece of art, which was developed by Toshusai Sharaku. In this piece of art, Sharaku’s great composition depicts a sense of energy, which is displaying realism and beauty. We can compare the theme of energy in relation to Hokusai’s picture in which the sea consumes three quarters of the space. From Sharaku’s picture, we can see that the artist has employed the use of lines triangles, and circles the same way in which Hokusai developed in The Great wave off Kanagawa. However, Sharaku in this piece of art is more real and articulate (Narazaki 79). The face of the picture takes three quarters of the space emphasizing the key area he wanted to expose. When comparing the themes of these two pictures we notice that Sharaku’s picture illustrates a huge s ense of modernity. The person in the picture is beautiful and with lots of energy shown in the face while Hokusai’s picture indicates a deep sense of tradition from the boats and the physical background. In comparison, all these piece of arts were done in the 17th century a time when most of the artists used woodblocks as their main tool for production of their pieces of art. Sharaku also shows a sense of tradition in this portrait. The clothing of the person in the p

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 403

Assignment Example The program effectiveness lies in the fact that it enables all companies whether large or small to get access to financing when converting exports to sales. Many businesses are currently using the program to help whenever they have emergencies in exporting their products yet they face cash deficit. Additionally, the U.S Export-Import Bank only fills the gap left in the financial market by the existing banks (Krahmer, 1990). That increases its effectiveness because businesses use it when under financial need. The flexibility of the program makes it quite effective in use by the enterprise originations (Liu, 2011). As Liu (2011) reports, the program also offers other benefits such as enabling the applying company to purchase raw materials and a collection of accounts receivable. It also guarantees the provision of working capital to the firms at any moment. Additionally, the program reduces the bureaucracy involved in getting a loan. For instance, the application fee is approximately $100 submitted with company’s financial statements for at least the past one year. The time saved by having a short chain of procedures further makes the program effective in helping the business firms sort out their financial emergencies or

The Trial by Jury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Trial by Jury - Essay Example Through the device of peremptory challenge which has been allowed in the selection of jurors, it has become possible for the defense or the prosecution to manipulate the composition of the jury to suit their own purposes and further the verdict they seek to achieve, thereby making a mockery of the impartiality and dependability of the judicial process, which works to uncover the facts surrounding a case from an unbiased perspective and through an application of the law by honest, fair and unprejudiced jurors. Therefore, unless a pure jury system is reintroduced, the truth could be obscured or manipulated through the devices mentioned above and it may become necessary for a judge to adopt a more inquisitorial role to probe deeper to discover the truth. One of the first aspects that belie the impartiality of the pure jury trial process lies in the terms â€Å"on indictment† in Article 80 of the Constitution, whereby the jury trial may be precluded altogether through Parliament authorizing summary proceedings for any offense. Fricke illustrates the merits of the pure jury system that was able to acquit 13 diggers who were accused of treason in the Eureka trials, thus illustrating the power of the democratic jury trial process in upholding the popular perspective over the official establishment view. But the compromising of the pure jury trial process may be noted in Justice Wright’s criticism of the existing jury trial system on the basis that juries deliver wrong verdicts because they essentially consist of amateurs who are easily influenced and manipulated by clever counsels. Hence it may be necessary for judges themselves step in and uncover the truth which the jury may not be able to successfully achieve. The case o f R v Laws also points out the dangers in using juries who may divulge information about jury deliberations before the verdict is reached in a case.

Water Conservation Essay Example for Free

Water Conservation Essay Water is an integral part of land/soil productivity. Its misuse can cause both degradation and erosion of soils. Management of water resource is considered to necessary for well being of human life as well as crop yields. There is a gap between the seasonal availability of water and its equitable supply throughout the year. Accordingly the storage of water and passage through soils is very important. It is well known that about 70% area in this country is subject to varying degree of water stress. There are areas with heavy rainfall but water problems become predominant during non-monsoon periods. It is thus a matter of concern to create a redistribution system and requirements as and when it is needed. Although there are many methods for water management, the two important methods are mentioned as follows. (I) Watershed management (II) Rainwater harvesting (I) Watershed Management : A watershed is an area bounded by the divide line of water flow so that a distinct drainage basin of any small or big water course or stream can be identified. The rain falling over this area will flow through only one point of the whole watershed. In other words, the entire area will be drained only by one stream or water course. In this way we will have definitive water resource which can be assessed and analyzed for planning for the optimum utilization through ground water, wells, tube wells, small ponds, bigger tanks or reservoirs. Watershed management is very important for rainfall and resultant run-off. More than 900 watersheds of the flood prone rivers have been identified and are at present in operation. The development of delayed through propagation of water harvesting technology is also based on the concept of micro watershed. Himalayas are one of the most critical watersheds in the world. The damage to reservoirs and irrigation systems and misused Himalayan slopes is mounting as are the costs for the control measures during the flood season every year. The vast hydroelectric power potential can be harnessed from the Himalayas watersheds on a sustainable basis. (II) Rain water Harvesting : Water harvesting technologies have established the economic and practical feasibility for inclusion in integrated watershed management plans. A number  of such structures in the Hirakud catchment have revealed that these are desirable for protection of land, restoration of degraded land for creation of micro irrigation potential of reuse of water. This would also help in increased production based productivity for generation of employment of opportunities. The concept of watershed management has been extended to agro-industrial watersheds which take care of agro-industrial development.

Organizational Culture Essay Example for Free

Organizational Culture Essay Since there are so many other competitors suddenly appear on the horizon, and Samsung have to create a lot of new creativity to face all the compete, they have to create their new organization culture. The new theme of corporate culture is â€Å"Creative†, to building a creative corporate culture, Samsung have to set a few characteristics to put into practice. Based on the research, Samsung adopting a program which is â€Å"Flexible Time† tp maximize employee creativity and another program is monitoring â€Å"Over-time Work† to help improve life quality o employees in year 2008. The material that issues regarding â€Å"Building a Creative Corporate Culture† was identified as : Samsung also promoting a creative organizational culture using some organization behavior concepts which are: * Encouraging Suggestions for Work Process Improvement Samsung Electronics implements various programs to support employees’ suggestions so that ideas can bear fruit. They offer incentives for the filing of patents, provide a knowledge management system to share expertise and knowledge amongst employees, and support community activities. They also offer incentives for idea suggestions to encourage their employees to proactively participate in knowledge sharing within Samsung Electronics. As a result, a total of 3,515 patents were filed in the U.S. in 2008. * Adopting a Flexible Time program Samsung Electronics adopted a â€Å"Flexible Time† test program in 2008 in selected business divisions to maximize the creativity of its employees. This test was the expression of their determination to shift from a time management-based corporate culture to a creativity-oriented corporate culture. Under the program, employees are empowered to flexibly manage their office hours as long as they work a total of eight hours each day. If this test proves successful, Samsung will expand the program to a company-wide level. * Work-Life Balance Because social norms have changed, an increasing number of female workers are participating in economic activities and retaining high potential employees has become the key to successful business operations. Happiness has become the overarching value of employees’ quality life, giving rise to greater social interest in balancing work and life. Therefore, Samsung Electronics also supports and encourages the employees to balance their work and life. In case anyone works overtime, their supervisor and the employee are notified to insure they comply with the legal overtime work requirements. For the creativity of the employees, Samsung Electronics also provides vacations for self-management and other vacation programs including family theme tour packages. * Welfare Programs Samsung Electronics shares and cares about its employees’ concerns over their health, children’s education and post-retirement life and helps them prepare for their future in order to enhance employee satisfaction and provide better working environments. In addition to the basic legal welfare programs such as premium subsidies for National Pension, Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance and Employment Insurance, they also provide medical subsidies, a corporate pension program, work-out facilities and condominium rental services. Samsung Electronics believe that a creative corporate culture grows out of the technological search for innovation and its application. , researchers inherently looked for â€Å"innovative† ideas and technologies. A number of failures and prejudices from the trials and errors of the development process were the largest obstacles in putting â€Å"innovative† ideas into practice. This barrier can be broken down to build stronger assurances through a number of verifications and databases. Nevertheless, these procedures can sometimes result in a waste of time. I think Samsung Electronics need to reduce the waste with more open-minded thoughts and perspectives. With an aim to realize a â€Å"Great Work Place (GWP),† Samsung Electronics has analyzed its corporate culture by utilizing the confidence index of âÅ'Å"The 100 Best Companies to Work For by Fortune Magazine since 1998. In 2007, Samsung concluded a global contract with the â€Å"Great Place To Work (GPTW)† of the U.S. for a confidence index survey of their domestic and overseas workforces, which contribute to building a corporate culture that fits their global stature. Based on the GWP analysis results, each division and department prepare and implement improvement plans to build a GWP by filling the gaps in the five survey categories which are of trust, respect, fairness, pride and solidarity. Also, 400 GWP officers supervise and implement corporate culture improvement activities at each workplace.

Global Warming Cause and Effect Essay

Global Warming Cause and Effect Essay Global Warming Cause and Effect Essay It is believed peoples careless use of fossil fuels are responsible for causing Global warming. Environmentalists say people do not realize the serious effects of their own actions. They continue to waste resources and pollute the air despite all the evidence pointing to the effects of such behavior. There are numerous, well known things we do that perpetuate Global Warming. Who would have known that the invention of the car/automobile would eventually contribute to the leading cause of global warming? For years society have been driving cars emitting fossil fuels, using coal powered electricity or heating homes with natural gas and oil. This has caused carbon dioxide and other harmful gasses to be released into Earths atmosphere and environment. Our tree population, for example, has decreased tremendously throughout the years because of increased tree cutting. Has also contributed to more polluted air due to lack of oxygen convertors. (http://environment.about.com/od/faqglobalwarming/f/globalwarming.htm) Peoples lack of concern for conserving its resources will only make Global warming worse. In 2007, scientists met and determined that society has â€Å"very likely† been the main cause of global warming since the 1950s. (http://environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/a/ipcc_report.htm) According to EnvironmentalGraffti.com in 2007 it was determined that the spread of diseases, warming waters resulting in more hurricanes, the probability of increase heat waves,drought, economic consequences, and polar ice caps melting are the top â€Å"5 Deadliest Effects of Global Warming†. (http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/sciencetech/5-deadliest-effects-of-global-warming/276) Rising sea levels will cause millions who live in coastal regions to lose their homes. Insects are migrating to more warming climates and carrying diseases. It is believed that Malaria still exists in some countries as a direct cause of global warming. In addition, with the continually rising temperature of the ocean there is a threat of an increased chance of more powerful and frequent hurricanes. We all remember hurricane Katrina and the devastation it brought to New Orleans as well as to several other towns and cities throughout the Southeast. With Katrinas aftermath came many economical struggles. People were trying to rebuild their homes, relocate and even find work as many businesses were destroyed. Unfortunately, people are still struggling to rebuild their lives today.Why not try to make changes in our daily lives to prevent devastation such as Katrina? Just as important, the droughts and heat waves that are occurring as a result of global warming are phenomenal. Even here in Arizona, during the monsoon season, we have experienced drought. Though I do not think our drought is as severe as places such as Africa, where they already are experiencing dangerously low water supplies and extreme heat waves. As a result, some speculate that this could cause people to start fighting for water- a necessary resource many take advantage of and assume will be available forever. Half way around the world, however, Sea levels are rising with the increased melting of polar ice caps. When fresh water ice caps melt into the ocean these changes dillute the salty waters. Of course this then affects the ocean and acquatic life which cannot survive without a homeostatic balance of salt content of the ocean. You are probably thinking that losing a little ocean life is no big deal, right? Did you know that the increased global temperature is because the su n can no longer reflect off the tops of the ice caps? When the sun reflects off the ice caps it projects into space. And why is that important? It helps to decrease the temperature in the earths atmosphere which in turn keeps us cooler. So what can we do to help slow down the process of losing our planet? First we need to start by caring. I see people everyday that could walk the 4 blocks to school or work. They choose not to, however. Imagine how much vehicle pollution we could eliminate if everyone were to ask 20 people they know if they could walk instead of driving. If they cant walk them maybe we can use technology wisely and find ways to create vehicles that are environmentally friendly. Another step is to increase recycling. Next time you go to throw that soda can or paper away, remember it is recyclable (and make money from recycling cans). What about disposable diapers? I know they are convenient, but why not give cloths a try? It may take a little extra work and many places around the country have diaper laundry services(but would also provides work and business for others.) Finally, when your kids ask to watch television or play a video game why not limit the amount of time of their use? This will cut bac k on electricity use and theyll benefit doing other, healthier activities. Encourage them to read a book or play outside like we or our parents did. In conclusion, evidence shows that peoples choices in everyday life and their use of technology and resources has undoubtedly increased global warming. We can slow down the negative effects of such choices if everyone does their part. It does not matter how small or big the effort every little bit helps in helping reverse the potential, devastating effects of global warming. Think of the earth as a team and our team wants to win. Help to slow Global warming! Go Green! Works Cited: http://environment.about.com/od/faqglobalwarming/f/globalwarming.htm http://environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/a/ipcc_report.htm http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/sciencetech/5-deadliest-effects-of-global-warming/276

A formula for parish practice Essays -- Legal Issues, Wengert

Wengert in his â€Å"A formula for parish practice† book, indicated the dispute over the relation between faith and works can be traced back to an attack on the Lutherans by John Eck prior to the Diet of Augsburg 1530 ( 63). Eck claimed that evangelicals ban good works from their teaching and preaching, later this phenomena grid Melanchthon to come up with the 20th article in the Augsburg confession. The reality that the leipzing Interim failed to use the phrase â€Å"faith lone† upset the Bishop of Naumburg , Von Amsdrof lead up to writing a tract against the Leipzing Interim. Later George major came up with Sermon that implies good works are necessary for salvation. George Major writings in favors of the absolute necessity of good work for salvation lead up to the emergence of Majortistic controversy. As Luther predicted what controversies will inevitably arise after his death; many reformers would compromise and sell out to the papacy. Luther prediction turned true and many controversies had arose from within and without, among these is the Majoristic controversy that named after George major who was the chief proponent of the idea that enunciate good work justifies. The Majoristic controversy was in fact started before the death of martin Luther and later intensified ( ). George major was a Lutheran theologian who lived from 1502-1574. He was one of the several theologians who joined Melanchthon in making concession to Rome. There is no way we can measure faith. However, good work can sometime be measured, in physics we can calculate work by multiplying the force applied to certain object by the distance traveled. Faith is not something we produce, reduce, earn or donate; generally we do not have control over faith. It is... ...ng of the Lord’s Supper should not be general but should be specific and personal; each recipient should understand why and how they should receive the true body and blood of Christ. The Lord’s Supper of the moment to proclaim the Word not time we assert announcement or preach to the public. The precious golden words â€Å"This is my body, given for you† and â€Å"This is my blood shed for you for the forgiveness of sins† are not the words to be sprayed to the public but rather to be injected in the system of each individual receive the true body and blood of Jesus Christ in the form proclamation to their soul. The Word â€Å"you† is by no means plural during administration of the Holy Supper it must refer to each receipt. Such specific proclamation â€Å"given for you† and â€Å"shed for you† destroy our heavy burdens and give rest through forgiveness of sins (Matthew 11:28).

Persuasive Essay: Suu Kyi Quote --

â€Å"It is not power that corrupts but fear. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it,† said the political activist Aung Sang Suu Kyi in her â€Å"Freedom from Fear† speech. Power and fear are tools that corrupt those affected by them, either by using them or being used by them. This ideal has been repeated time and time again in literature as well as in current global situations. Conversely, there are also those who repeatedly move against the current of harsh, imposing leaders and make grand acts of heroism, avoiding the corrupted scourge of the powerful. Examples of this mixed concept can be found in The Crucible, The Scarlet Letter, â€Å"Unchained Memories,† and in modern-day happenings such as the crisis in Darfur. In The Scarlet Letter, many characters are unmasked to show corrupted sides of themselves. This corruption usually comes from self-inflicted torture, such as Dimmesdale and his need to punish himself secretly while he remains in a position of power and respect in the community and church. Chillingworth lets himself grow steadily more corrupt as well and revels in the power he holds over Dimmesdale. He lets the power and appeal of revenge take over his entire self, fearing any kind of life without that meaning. Chillingworth becomes a man who, finally seeing his own fear behind losing his power, â€Å"lifted his hands with a look of horror, as if he had beheld some frightful shape, which he could not recognize, usurping the place of his own image in a glass. It was one of those moments when a man’s moral aspect is faithfully revealed to his mind’s eye† (132). Chillingworth recognizes his own darkness, but he allows it to consume him without any search ... ... such as one woman who had to secretly walk to a refugee camp, without food or shelter, to escape with her daughter. She did not allow herself nor her child to be directly abused, though of course the Janjaweed made a tremendous impact on their lives, terrifying them of returning home, Heroism and cowardice are often linked to strength and fear, as well as morality and power. When power becomes overbearing towards the people affected by it, there is a natural fear reaction, either by those with power, who become afraid of losing what they have, and for others under that power for having it used against them. People who find ways to not allow themselves to become dirtied by their power or that of others create the presence of heroism. People who let themselves become manipulated by that power, or who wield that power immorally, become cowards and display weakness.

Yanomamo Essay -- Anthropology

Yanomamo The Yanomamo are a tribe of twenty thousand who live in about two hundred and fifty widely dispersed villages in Brazil and Venezuela. It was first thought that the Yanomamo were a group of hunter-gatherers, but contrary to that thought they actually cultivate their own crops for food. They also hunt and forage, but only as needed. While the Yanomamo travel for several weeks when the jungle fruits and vegetables are ripe, they are a tribal society settled in villages, which break into small groups to go off on collecting expeditions. During such expeditions, game such as wild pigs, large and small birds, monkeys, deer, rodents, and anteaters, are hunted. The bulk of the Yanomamo food, more than eighty percent, is grown in their village gardens. The size of the garden is dictated by the size of the family it must feed. Because village headmen will have the responsibility of entertaining visitors and sponsoring feasts, they plant and care for larger plots. Plantain is their most important domesticated crop. Manioc, taro, and sweet potatoes are also cultivated along with cane, used for arrow manufacture, and tobacco, a crop of central importance. All women, men, and children chew tobacco daily and guard it jealously. The Yanomamo word for being poor is literally translated as without tobacco. Cotton is al so grown in the village gardens to provide the materials for hammocks and clothes. The Yanomamo envision the universe as having four layers hovering at...

Writing: Dependent Clause and Topic Sentence

contents entries found. PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale for choosing the topic: The ongoing process of regional and global integration in Vietnam has resulted in an increasing demand for English language teaching across the country. Learning English is currently not only an interest but also a practical thing for many people. Learning English means learning four related skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. In teaching and learning English as a foreign language in Vietnam, writing has always received a great deal of attention.This is understandable, English is learnt and taught in non-English environment, therefore writing is not only one of the four language skills that students of English need to acquire but also a means of further study. Carrell (1981) stated that â€Å"For many students, writing is by far the most important of the four skills in a second language, particularly in English as a second or foreign language† (p. 1). Writing in general is one of th e most important skills for English learners, and academic writing in particular plays key role in helping learners to master the language.Learners of English language need to know how to write academically through the way they answer questions, discuss subjects or report research results. However, academic writing is never ever an easy task because it is the combinations of relation among audience, writer, organization and presentation (according to Swale, 1997). It can be understood that learners should keep in their mind to discover typical questions: â€Å"who are they going to write for? †, â€Å"what is the purpose of writing? † (What are the topic, position and argument? , how is the writing going to be organized and presented? It is also quite important to define â€Å"academic writing† to find which is necessary and sufficient. Academic writing normally starts from words, to phrase, clause, sentence, paragraph, and then essay. This assignment concentrat es on theory of academic paragraph writing including the definition and structure of a paragraph, parts of paragraph, mistakes ESL often make in writing paragraph academically. It is tried to find out and to compare typical non-academic and academic words and phrases using in paragraph writing.As teachers of English, we ourselves think that it is essential to do a research on the topic â€Å"Academic paragraph writing†. 2. Aims and objectives: 2. 1 Aims: This assignment concentrates on theory of academic paragraph writing. Findings will be studied to suggest appropriate instructional support to help learners improve their academic writing skill. 2. 2. Objectives: To be more specific, the objectives of this study are: – to investigate the theory towards academic paragraph writing. – to find out the common mistakes in academic writing to suggest ways to reduce the difficulties and help learners improve their writing skill by giving out example academic words and p hrases It is hoped that the findings from this study will be some benefits to teachers and students in universities. 3. Methodology In order to carry out the writing of this paper, we ourselves have based on the following methods. * The combination of diachronic and synchronic approaches * The teacher’s advice * The book reference In short, it is hoped that the paper will provide an introduction to the ways how to write academic paragraph writing.We are grateful to any comments on the paper. PART B: DEVELOPMENT I/ Theory of paragraph: 1. Definition of a paragraph: It is quite easy for learners to find out what is a paragraph. There are many ways to define this basing on different viewpoints. Followings are some of popular paragraph definitions. A paragraph is: – a distinct section of a piece of writing, usually dealing with a single theme and indicated by a new line, indentation, or numbering (Oxford Advanced learner Dictionary) – is a group of related sentences that discuss one main idea.A paragraph can be as short as one sentence or as long as ten sentences. The number of sentences is unimportant; however, the paragraph should be long enough to develop the main idea clearly. (Writing academic English – Alice Oshima and Alice Hogue – Longman, third edition) – a distinct portion of written or printed matter dealing with a particular idea, usually beginning with an indentation on a new line. It is one of a series of subsections each usually devoted to one idea and each usually marked by the beginning of a new line, indentation, and increases interlinear space. World English dictionary – Collins) It can be shortly understood that a paragraph is one part of a text which express one complete idea. 2. Structure of a paragraph: A paragraph normally includes a topic sentence, supporting sentences and a concluding sentence. The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. It not only names the topic of the para graph, but it also limits the topic to one specific area that can be discussed completely in the space of a single paragraph. Supporting sentences develop the topic sentence.That is, they explain or prove the topic sentence by giving more information about it. The concluding sentence signals the end of the paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to remember. Concluding sentence is customary for stand-alone paragraph. However, paragraphs that are parts of a longer piece of writing usually do not concluding sentences. 2. 1. The topic sentence: 2. 1. 1. What is topic sentence? Topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph which clearly states the topic and the controlling idea of a paragraph, and briefly indicates what the paragraph is going to discuss.For this reason, the topic sentence is a helpful guide to both the writer and the reader. The writer can see what information to include. The reader can see what the paragraph is going to be about and is ther efore better prepared to understand it. 2. 1. 2. Position of topic sentences: The topic sentence is usually the first sentence in a paragraph. It can be placed in other locations depending on writers; however, the beginning of the paragraph seems to be the best spot. One of possible location for the topic sentence is at the end. 2. 1. 3. The two parts of a topic sentenceAs mentioned above, topic sentence has two essential parts: the topic and the controlling idea in which the topic names the subject of the paragraph, the controlling idea limits or controls the topic to a specific area to be discuss in the space of a single paragraph. Here is an example: Delicious foods are easy to prepare. TOPICCONTROLLING IDEA Following notices are expected to somehow help learners write good topic sentence: Firstly, the topic sentence should control or guide the whole paragraph. Topic sentence is good if it meet the readers’ need about what they expect to read in the paragraph.Secondly, a g ood topic sentence is not a general fact that everyone accepts as a true thing. An example illustrating this point can be seen through a bad topic like: â€Å"Libraries have books. † The information in this sentence is true; however, it is a general fact and is not a good choice for a topic sentence. Thirdly, a good topic sentence should be specific. For example, â€Å"Coffee is delicious. † is not a good topic sentence because the information in the sentence is too general. The reader does not know what to expect in the paragraph.The sentence can become better when it is written in a specific way, such as: â€Å"Black coffee has many benefits for your mentality. † However, it is important to know that topic sentence should not be too specific. Finally, a good topic sentence has controlling ideas which guide all the supporting sentences and give readers general expectation about what they are going to read about throughout the paragraph. 2. 2. Supporting sentenc es: 2. 2. 1. What is a good supporting sentence? Supporting sentences explain or prove the topic sentence. Good supporting entences are related to the topic sentence and its controlling ideas. They give information that supports and explains the topic of the paragraph. They answer questions – who? what? when? why? and how? – and give details. 2. 2. 2. Kinds of supporting sentences: There are several different kinds of supporting sentences going as follows with suitable examples: – explain: People move from village to big cities for economic reasons. – describe: They live in a nice house surrounded by fields of flowers. – give reasons: Tom finally drops from school because of bad results. give facts: About five percent of the A town’s population is immigrant. – give examples: Sugar cane and banana grow in South Africa. – define: My mother has a samovar, which is a large cooper tea urn. 2. 3. The concluding sentence: 2. 3. 1. Wha t is concluding sentence? Concluding sentence serves two purposes: – It signals the end of the paragraph. – It leaves the reader with the most important ideas to remember. It can do this in two ways: by summarizing the main points of the paragraph, or by repeating the topic sentence in different words.A paragraph does not always need a concluding sentence. For single paragraphs, especially long ones, a concluding sentence is helpful to the reader because it is a reminder of the important points. However, a concluding sentence is not needed for every paragraph in a multi-paragraph essay. 2. 3. 2. What are good concluding sentences? To come up with the idea of a good concluding sentence, it is necessary for writer to think about some questions: – What is a good concluding sentence? – How do the concluding sentences relate to the topic sentence and to the supporting sentences?The concluding sentence’s job is to bring the paragraph to a logical conclus ion. The paragraph can be brought to an end with some formal signals: Finally, In brief, In conclusion, Indeed, In short, To sum up, All in all, Lastly†¦ It can end with some structures: The evidence suggests that†¦, There can be no doubt that†¦, These examples show that†¦, We can see that†¦ 2. 3. 3. Kinds of concluding sentences There are many different types of concluding sentences: restatement, suggestion, opinion, prediction. Restate the main idea is one of the easiest ways to write concluding sentence. Writers restate the main idea or summarize the main point of the paragraph. †¢ Offer a suggestion, give an opinion, or make a prediction are some of ways to write a concluding sentences, sometimes writers can do a combination of these options. 3. How to write a good paragraph academically? Academic paragraph writing needs good unity and coherence. †¢ Unity: â€Å"A paragraph is a group of sentences which relate to the topic and develop the cont rolling idea.If a sentence does not relate to or develop that idea, it is irrelevant of place and should be omitted. A good paragraph must be unified. †; â€Å"A paragraph has unity when all of its sentences, including the topic sentence support, and conclusion, relate to the same main idea. (Cited from â€Å"Let’s write 2† by Dang Ngoc Huong, 2007) It is clear to see that an important element of a good paragraph is unity. Unity means that a paragraph discusses one and only one main idea from beginning to end.The second part of unity is that every supporting sentence must directly explain or prove the main idea. †¢ Coherence: â€Å"A paragraph must have unity: all its ideas must refer to the topic (as above presented), moreover, another element of a good paragraph is coherence; coherence is an important quality of writing: all the ideas are presented logically and smoothly so that it is easy for the reader to follow the writer’s progression of ideas . In other words, a coherent paragraph contains sentences that are logically ordered and that flow smoothly.In order to achieve coherence of a paragraph, writers can use several ways in writing. † (According to Dang Ngoc Huong, Let’s write 2, 2007) For coherence in writing, the sentences must hold together; that is, the movement from one sentence to the next must be logical and smooth. There must be no sudden jumps. Each sentence should flow smoothly into the next one. There are four ways to achieve coherence: 1. Repeat key nouns. 2. Use consistent pronouns. 3. Use transition signals to link ideas. 4. Arrange ideas in logical order.II/ Findings on academic paragraph writing There are many necessary things to form a good academic writing. English learners sometimes find it difficult to write in English, especially in academic style. It is our try to find out the three common mistakes in paragraph writing: run-on sentence, fragment and parallel structure; and academic equ ivalents of words or phrases to be helpful for learners to write academically. 1. Learners’ common mistakes in paragraph writing: As mentioned in the introduction, writing is always a not-easy task with most of English learners.It is due to the need for combining various skills and background knowledge when they do writing. This part is going to show common mistakes that learners often have in academic writing in general, and in paragraph writing in particular. 1. 1. Run-on sentence: A run-on sentence is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses (i. e. , complete sentences) are joined without appropriate punctuation or conjunction. This is one of the most common mistakes appeared in academic writing. Following are suggested approaches to avoid the error: †¢ Use separate sentences.However, this may disconnect related independent clauses and cause some of the meaning to be lost: o It is nearly half past five. We cannot reach town before dark. †¢ Use a semico lon. This maintains the connection between the clauses while ensuring a pause between the two ideas: o It is nearly half past five; we cannot reach town before dark. †¢ Use a coordinating conjunction. o It is nearly half past five, so we cannot reach town before dark. 1. 2. Fragment: Fragment is a sentence which does not contain a subject or a predicate.A sentence fragment fails to be a sentence in the sense that it cannot stand by itself. It does not contain even one independent clause. There are several reasons why a group of words may seem to act like a sentence but not have the wherewithal to make it as a complete thought. †¢ It may locate something in time and place with a prepositional phrase or a series of such phrases, but it's still lacking a proper subject-verb relationship within an independent clause: †¢ It describes something, but there is no subject-verb relationship: Example: In Japan, during the last war and just before the armistice.This sentence acco mplishes a great deal in terms of placing the reader in time and place, but there is no subject, no verb. Example: Working far into the night in an effort to salvage her little boat. This is a verbal phrase that wants to modify something, the real subject of the sentence (about to come up), probably the she who was working so hard. †¢ It may have most of the makings of a sentence but still be missing an important part of a verb string: Example: Some of the students working in Professor Espinoza's laboratory last semester. It may even have a subject-verb relationship, but it has been subordinated to another idea by a dependent word and so cannot stand by itself: Example: Even though he had the better arguments and was by far the more powerful speaker. This sentence fragment has a subject, he, and two verbs, had and was, but it cannot stand by itself because of the dependent word (subordinating conjunction) even though. We need an independent clause to follow up this dependent cl ause: . . . the more powerful speaker, he lost the case because he didn't understand the jury. 1. 3.Parallel structure: This principle of parallel construction requires that expressions of similar content and function should be outwardly similar. The likeness of form enables the reader to recognize more readily the likeness of content and function. Unskillful writers often violate this principle, from a mistaken belief that they should constantly vary the form of their expressions. It is true that in repeating a statement in order to emphasize it writers may need to vary its form. But apart from this, writers should follow carefully the principle of parallel construction. Faulty Parallelism |Corrected Version | |Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the |Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is | |laboratory method is employed. |taught by the laboratory method. | The left-hand version gives the impression that the writer is undecided or timid; he seems unable or afraid to choose one form of expression and hold to it. The right-hand version shows that the writer has at least made his choice and abided by it.By this principle, an article or a preposition applying to all the members of a series must either be used only before the first term or else be repeated before each term. |Faulty Parallelism |Corrected Version | |The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese |The French, the Italians, the Spanish, and the Portuguese | |In spring, summer, or in winter |In spring, summer, or winter (In spring, in summer, or in winter) |Correlative expressions (both, and; not, but; not only, but also; either, or; first, second, third; and the like) should be followed by the same grammatical construction. Many violations of this rule can be corrected by rearranging the sentence. |Faulty Parallelism |Corrected Version | |It was both a long ceremony and very tedious. |The ceremony was both long and tedious. | |A time not for wo rds, but action |A ime not for words, but for action | |Either you must grant his request or incur his ill will. |You must either grant his request or incur his ill will. | |My objections are, first, the injustice of the measure; second, that |My objections are, first, that the measure is unjust; second, that | |it is unconstitutional. |it is unconstitutional. | When making comparisons, the things which are compared should be couched in parallel structures whenever that is possible and appropriate. Faulty Parallelism |Corrected Version | |My income is smaller than my wife. |My income is smaller than my wife's. | 2. Non-academic words and academic equivalents: It is necessary for learners to use academic words in academic paragraph writing. Because of limited space and time, our group just suggests example words and phrases in their simple form and academic equivalents as below. |Meaning |Simple word |Academic word | |Y tu? g / khai ni? m |idea |Concept / notion | |D? |enough |Suffic ient / adequate | |Phuong phap |way |Approach | |Thu du? c |get |obtain | |K? t qu? result |Consequence / outcomes | |Duy tri / gi? |keep |retain | |mua |buy |Purchase | |Duy nh? t |only |Unique / solely | |C? i thi? n |improve |enhance | |B? d? u |start |commence | |D? doan |predict |anticipate | |T? p trung |focus |concentrate | |Cu? i cung |final |Ultimately / eventually | |D? g |Stop / end / finish |Terminate / cease | |Tri hoan |Postpone / delay |Suspend | |R? i b? |Quit / give up |Abandon | |Ph? n |Part |Portion |PART C: CONCLUSION It is of the importance for English learners to discover definition of a paragraph, paragraph structure (topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence) in academic style along with the way of writing paragraph academically. Due to limited space, time and the limitation of writers’ knowledge, this assignment concentrates on theory of paragraph and discovers popular mistakes (run-on sentence, fragment, and parallel structure ) which learners normally make in writing paragraph academically.In addition, it is our try to take example and compare words in both non-academic and academic style with the hope that learners have awareness of using correct writing style. REFERENCES 1. Arnaudet, M. L. & Barrett, M. E. (1984). Approaches to Academic Writing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 2. Brook, A. & Grunby, P. (1990). Writing for study purposes: a teacher’s guide to developing individual writing skills. CUP. 3. Campbell D. Better Sentence-Writing in 30 minutes a Day. Career Press 4. Doff, A. (1988). Teaching: a training course for teachers. Cambridge : CUP 5.Fries, C. (1945). Teaching and learning English as a Foreign Language. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 6. Hennessy, B. (1994). How to write an essay. Plimbridge House. 7. Henry, J. & Pender, J. (1997). English for academic purposes: writing. Toowoomba, Qld: USQ Press for the Centre for Language Learning and Teaching 8. Huong, D. N (200 7). Let’s write: HOU 9. Murray, R. (2003). How to write a thesis. Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press. 10. White, R. & McGovern, D. (1994). Writing. New York: Prentice Hall. 11. Grammar. ccc. commnet. edu/grammar/parallelism. htm

7 up video response

Seven Up (Bruce) During the documentary, many of the fundamental concepts of development over the lifespan were displayed. Out of the â€Å"seven up† group I decided to focus on Bruce. Although the group of seven came from a very diverse socioeconomic background they are all British. I was particularly interested in how Bruce would turn out, in regards to his influences of culture, class, socioeconomic status, personal attributes, and available role models. In the Bruce's background I observed that he seemed to be a little better off than the others in the group of seven.I say this because his family sent him off to a boarding school. Boarding schools can be rather expensive relative to the institution. They are also a little stricter in disciple and learning, with a very robust discipline system. As far as socioeconomic class, I believe Bruce may have a better chance at succeeding because, according to our Human development book, â€Å"High socioeconomic status is an importa nt predictor of academic success, according to a study†¦ â€Å". One of Bruce's main sources for influence is his boarding school environment.Bruce states, â€Å"l think discipline is fair enough† which contradicts what he film says about the average 7 year not thinking too much or not understanding discipline. The film also says, â€Å"This distinction between freedom and discipline is the key to their whole future†. It's hard for me to make a creative prediction about how Bruce's racial or ethnic heritage has or will influence his future. Bruce seems to be very calm, well organized, and confident. He's a white British male living in England.Ethnically and racially he's at home with others Just like his self, so many of the customs, traditions, and language Bruce should be familiar with while growing up amongst others like imself. Bruce's gender and his influence on his sense of future prospects is another area that is hard to analyze. When Bruce speaks it's nev er for a long period of time but he always seems to reply in a short and brief but realistic answer. While some of the other seven talk about how girls â€Å"don't do what they want them to† Bruce talks about how he has a girlfriend in Africa that he might not ever see again.I would describe Bruce as a strong, calm and collective boy, he's not as fidgety as the others. Bruce seems to be very confident in what he says and wants, this may be due to his discipline. These internalizing attributes might help Bruce overcome challenges in the future such as doubt and uncertainty that could arise later in life when choices become more difficult to make. My beliefs are that Bruce has great core values because, he works well with others.In the film Bruce said that he wanted to go to Africa to help uncivilized people; this to me signals that Bruce has some type of either religious or ultraistic background which plays an important role in now Bruce see's things. Assuming that Bruce's gir lfriend from Africa was black, and the people from Africa that he want's elp are as well tells me that Bruce doesn't have a problem with diversity unlike some of the other seven. In regards to the observations I made above I truly believe that Bruce will probably go on to finish school and go to a university of some sort.At the boarding school that Bruce attends discipline is a big part of the curriculum; this leads me to think that Bruce will be good at an authoritative role. Possibly landing a Lead role as a manager, or supervisor, Just because he understood the discipline and learned from young not to have problems with authority. His knowledge of girlfriends seems to be neutral, he id say that he had more than one girlfriend, but I'm not sure if he was speaking in language that I misunderstood; meaning he had more than one friend that was a girl or he actually had a polygamous relationships.If Bruce does have his eyes on more than one girl from young, then maybe the road may lea d to divorce, but that's not to say that he is incapable of change. Lastly Bruce seems to be very content with his current state of being. He doesn't seem unhappy, but yet very certain of what he wants to accomplish; for example talking about wanting to go to Africa to help the ncivilized. In all I agree with the Jesuit proverb, â€Å"show me a child of seven, and I will give you the man†.Although it served as the inspiration of the documentary, I feel like there is a strong connection between your personalities when you're young compared to your older self. The fundamental concepts of development over the lifespan were displayed while observing Bruce and it gave me a better understanding of how Bruce would turn out; in regards to his influences of culture, class, socioeconomic status, personal attributes, and available role models

Ethics and The Truman Show Essay

In Psychological research, the importance of the building of trust and protection of individuals’ rights relies on the Code of Ethics. The Code of Ethics, compiled by The Australian Psychological Society (APS) provides guidelines that must be followed when working with people and animals in research situations and all other areas of professional practice (Grivas & Carter, 2005). The importance of maintaining several ethical standards is highlighted in the present discussion, with reference to the film The Truman Show (2008). The ethical standards include Confidentiality, Informed Consent, The Right to Withdraw and No Harm to Participants. Confidentiality and Informed Consent are all important ethical principles that are related to the film The Truman Show. Confidentiality is that participants have a right to privacy. This is important so participants’ private information is not shared with the whole world. An example of this being breached is when Truman is born in front of a world audience, on a TV show that millions of people are watching 24/7. Informed Consent is that wherever possible, the participants must be appropriately informed of what the study is about and the reasons it’s being conducted (Grivas & Carter, 2005). This ethical principle is important so that the participant knows what is going on. An example of this being violated in the film is that Truman does not know his life is a TV show, so he must not have been told the necessary details and reasons why the experiment is being conducted. Both of these main ethical standards, Confidentiality and Informed Consent are breached in the film Th e Truman Show. The Right to Withdraw and No Harm to Participants are both important ethical standards that are related to the film The Truman Show. The Right to Withdraw ensures that the participant knows that they are free to withdraw from the study at any time. This is important so that the participant doesn’t feel pressured to stay in the experiment if they change their mind and decide they do not want to participate any more. An example of this being violated in the film is when Truman wants to go to Fiji to escape his strange reality, and there are no plane flights until a few months away, so he cannot leave. No Harm To Participants is that participants must not be harmed in any way (Grivas & Carter, 2005). This is important so that  participants do not get mentally or physically harmed in the experiment. An example of this being breached in the film, is that Truman is mentally unwell because he was so unsure of what was going on around him. He began to feel a false sense of security, especially when he realised that the same things were happening each day, and the same people were popping in and out of his life everyday. Both of these main ethical principles are violated in the film The Truman Show. Ethics are important in psychological research because they ensure privacy and safety for the participants. The APS has compiled their own set of guidelines, known as the Code of Ethics. This set of standards includes a number of principles which must be followed in psychological studies. Some of these principles include Confidentiality, Informed Consent, The Right to Withdraw and No Harm to Participants. These standards are all related to the film The Truman Show, in which they are all violated. References Carter, L. & Grivas, J. (2005) Psychology for the VCE Student. Units 1and 2 (5th Ed.) Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. p. 81-88.

Public Speaking

Public Speaking Vocabulary Learning Strategies There are numerous different classification systems for vocabulary learning strategies. Several common used are listed at the following. Gu and Johnson (1996) developed a classification of vocabulary learning strategies that are beliefs about vocabulary learning, metacognitive regulation, guessing strategies, dictionary strategies, note-taking strategies, memory strategies (rehearsal), memory strategies (encoding) and activation strategies. Schmitt (1997) took advantage of Rebecca Oxford’s (1990, p. 4) classification of learning strategies containing memory strategies, cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, and social strategies, and the Discover/Consolidation distinctions suggested by Cook and Mayer to propose an extensive taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies. It can be divided into two classes. Five groups are included in these two classes. I. Strategies are used for the discovery of a new word’s meaning Determination stra tegies (DET): the strategies are used to discover a new word’s meaning without recourse to another’s expertise when learners don’t know a word.For instance, learners can use a dictionary, analyze any available pictures or gestures or guess meaning from textual context. Social strategies (SOC): the strategies are employed to ask someone who knows. Learners can ask teacher or classmates about information in a variety of ways, such as a synonym, paraphrase, or L1 translation of new word. II. Strategies are used for consolidating a word once it has been encountered Social strategies (SOC): they can also be employed to consolidate learned words by interacting with other people like studying and practicing meaning in a group.Memory strategies (MEM): the strategies (traditionally known as mnemonics) involve connecting the word to be retained with some previously learned knowledge, using some form of imagery, or grouping. A new word can be integrated into many kinds of existing knowledge (i. e. previous experiences or known words) or images can be custom-made for retrieval (i. e. images of the word’s form or meaning attributes). (1) Picture/imagery: Learners study new words with pictures of their meaning instead of definition. (2) Related words: New words can linked to L2 words that the student already knows.Usually this involves some type of sense relationship, such as coordination (blue – other kinds of color like red, purple or white), synonymy (beautiful-pretty), or antonym (dead-alive). (3) Unrelated words: Learners can also link words together that have no sense relationships. One way of doing this is with â€Å"peg† or â€Å"hook† words. One first memorizes a rhyme like â€Å"one is a bun, two is a shoe, three is a tree etc. † Then an image is created of the word to be remembered is chair, then an image is made of a bun (peg word) resting on a chair.Recitation of the rhyme draws up these images, which in t urn prompt the target words. (4) Grouping: It is an important way to aid recall, and people seem to organize words into groups naturally without prompting. (5) Word’s orthographical or phonological form: It involves focusing on the target word’s orthographical or phonological form to facilitate recall. One can explicitly study the spelling or pronunciation of a word. Other options are to visualize the orthographical form of a word in an attempt to remember it, or to make a mental representation of the sound of a word, perhaps making use of rhyming words.The Keyword Method entails a learner finding a L1 word which sounds like the target L2 word, i. e. the English word cat for the Japanese word katana (sword). Then an image combing the two concepts is created, such as a samurai cat waving a sword. When the L2 word is later heard, the sound similarity invokes the created image which prompts the L2 word’s meaning. (6) Other memory strategies: There are other useful ways of consolidating its meaning, such as analyzing a word’s affixes, root, and word class.One way of increasing one’s vocabulary is to analyze and learn the individual words of these chunks, and then use the whole chunk (if it is transparent enough) as a mnemonic device for remembering the individual word meanings. In addition, the use of physical action can also facilitate language recall. Cognitive strategies (COG): The strategies are similar to memory strategies, but are not focused so specifically on manipulative mental processing. They include repetition and using mechanical means to study vocabulary. Another kind of cognitive strategy is using study aids.Taking notes in class invites learners to create their own personal structure for newly learned words, and also offers the chance for additional exposure during review. Metacognitive strategies (MET): Students used the strategies to control and evaluate their learning, behaving an overview of the learning proce ss in general. Table 1 A Simple Taxonomy of Vocabulary Learning Strategies Vocabulary Learning Strategy (VLS)| 1. Strategies for the discovery of a new word’s meaning| 2. Strategies for consolidating a word once it has been encountered | Determination strategies (DET)| Social strategies (SOC)|Social strategies (SOC)| Memory strategies (MEM)| | Cognitive strategies (COG)| | Metacognitive strategies (MET)| Table 2 A Taxonomy of Vocabulary Learning Strategies (Schmitt, 1997, p. 207-8) Taxonomy of Schmitt’s Vocabulary Learning Strategies Strategy Group Strategies for discovering the meaning of a new word DET Analyze part of speech DET Analyze affixes and roots DET Check for L1 cognate DET Analyze any available pictures or gestures DET Guess from textual context DET Bilingual dictionary DET Monolingual dictionaries DET Word lists DET Flash cards SOC Ask teacher for L1 translationSOC Ask teacher for paraphrase or synonym of new word SOC Ask teacher for a sentence including t he new word SOC Ask classmates for meaning SOC Discover new meaning through group work activity Strategies for consolidating a word once it has been encountered SOC Study and practice meaning in a group SOC Teacher checks students’ flash cards word lists for accuracy SOC Interact with native-speakers MEM Study word with a pictorial representation of its meaning MEM Image word’s meaning MEM Connect word to a personal experience MEM Associate the word with its coordinatesMEM Connect the word to its synonyms and antonyms MEM Use semantic maps MEM Use ‘scales’ for gradable adjectives MEM Peg Method MEM Loci Method MEM Group words together to study them MEM Group words together spatially on a page MEM Use new word in sentences MEM Group words together within a storyline MEM Study the spelling of a word MEM Study the sound of a word Table 2 (continued) MEM Say new word aloud when studying MEM Image word form MEM Underline initial letter of the word MEM Configura tion MEM Use Key word Method MEM Affixes and roots MEM Part of speech MEM Paraphrase the word’s meaningMEM Use cognates in study MEM Learn the words of idiom together MEM Use physical action when learning a word MEM Use semantic feature grids COG Verbal repetition COG Written repetition COG Word lists COG Flash cards COG Take notes in class COG Use the vocabulary section in your textbook COG Listen to tape of word lists COG Put English labels on physical objects COG Keep a vocabulary note book MET Use English-language media (songs, movies, newscast, etc. ) MET Testing oneself with word tests MET Use spaced word practice MET Skip or pass new word MET Continue to study over time Public Speaking Public Speaking OUTLINE FOR SPEAKING TO INFORM (SPEECHES ABOUT CONCEPTS) NAME| 😠 ZULAIKHA BINTI AHMAD ABDULLAH| SUBJECT – SUBJECT CODE| 😠 PUBLIC SPEAKING – UBE 2023| SEMESTER| 😠 4. 0| SESSION| 😠 2012/2013(2)| KULLIYYAH| 😠 KULLIYYAH SYARIAH & UNDANG-UNDANG| TITLE| 😠 HEALTHY AND ACTIVE LIFESTYLE| PROGRAMME STRUCTURE / GROUP| 😠 ISMSY_SYA 7| OUTLINE FOR SPEAKING TO INFORM * Topic: Healthy and active lifestyle. * General purpose: To inform (speech about concepts). * Specific purpose: To inform my audient about healthy and active lifestyle. Central idea: There are three ways to be healthy and active lifestyle are take balance meal, sleep enough every day and importance of exercise to make human healthy and more active. Introduction I. The goal of my speech is to inform you about healthy and active lifestyle . Most of us hardly think healthy and active lifestyle is very importance but do we in healthy and active lifestyle. The definition of hea lthy and active lifestyle from oxford dictionaries healthy is in a good physical or mental condition, active meaning engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits and lifestyle is the way in which a person lives. II.A healthy lifestyle leaves you fit, energetic and reduced risk for disease, based on the choices you make about your daily habits. III. Developing a healthy lifestyle for children as early as possible is important, but it is never too late to make positive lifestyle changes. Good nutrition and plenty of physical activity can help prevent obesity and diabetes in children, as well provide a good foundation for muscle and bone development. Healthy children are more alert and have more energy. Healthy lifestyles for children start with the family, parents are role models and activities that families do together have a big impact on children.IV. Today I will introduce you to three ways to be healthy and active lifestyle are take balance meal, sleep enough every day and importance of exercise to make human healthy and more active. (Transition: Let’s start by looking at healthy and active lifestyle) Body I. Firstly, one big step to be healthy is taking a take balance meal. A. A healthy diet includes a variety of foods from the various food groups. A healthy diet includes at least 4. 5 cups of fruits and vegetables, 3 cups of dairy and 3 oz. of whole grains daily.Fish, poultry and vegetarian proteins should be eaten more often than red meat. Use unsaturated fats, such as olive or safflower oil, more than saturated fats for cooking, dressing and baking. A healthy diet also limits processed and fast foods high in added sugars, sodium and Tran’s fats. * ?†¦.. ? ? , ? )Al-Araf: 31) Translation from Al-Quran:   eat and drink but waste not by extravagance, certainly He (Allah) likes not  Al-Musrifun  (those who waste by extravagance). * We can refer the eating pyramided : B. A healthy diet can reduce risk for disea se. Following a healthy, balanced diet can help you to maintain a healthy weight, lower your cholesterol and reduce your risk for disease. Choose high fiber, lower fat foods and 5-10 servings of fruit and vegetables every day. Balance your daily meals with foods from the four food groups described in  Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating. * According to the latest study to investigate whether diet can reduce heart attack and  stroke  among those who are trying to avoid second or third events and are already taking medications to control blood pressure and  cholesterol.In the largest-ever of its kind, published in the journal  Circulation, a group of international researchers say  healthy eating  can have an added beneficial effect on the heart on top of the influence of heart-protecting medications. â€Å"We encourage everyone to eat healthy. But especially high-risk patients, we want them to know: Take your medication, but modify your diet as well,† says lead study author Mahshid Dehghan, a researcher at the Population Health Research Institute in Hamilton, ON, in  Canada, one of the centers involved in the study. Some people think that if medication lowers their blood pressure, healthy eating doesn’t matter. We want them to know that this is wrong,† she says C. Drink enough water is importance. Water is your body's principal chemical component and makes up about 60 percent of your body weight. Every system in your body depends on water. For example, water flushes toxins out of vital organs, carries nutrients to your cells and provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues. * Everyone has heard the advice, â€Å"Drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day. † That is about 1. liters, which isn't that different from the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Although the â€Å"8 by 8† rule isn't supported by hard evidence, it remains popular because it's easy to remember. Just keep in mind that th e rule should be reframed as: â€Å"Drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of fluid a day,† because all fluids count toward the daily total. * Every day you lose water through your breath, perspiration, urine and bowel movements. For your body to function properly, you must replenish its water supply by consuming beverages and foods that contain water. So how much fluid does the average, healthy adult living in a temperate climate need? The Institute of Medicine determined that an adequate intake (AI) for men is roughly 3 liters (about 13 cups) of total beverages a day. The AI for women is 2. 2 liters (about 9 cups) of total beverages a day. (Transition: Let’s start by looking how much hours we need to sleep every night) II. Secondly, sleep enough every day. A. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that most adults get about seven to eight hours of sleep each night. B.A good night's sleep can actually leave you feeling positive and upbeat. * In fact people wh o suffer from regular sleep disturbances are three times more likely to experience low mood compared to people who sleep well, according to the Great British Sleep Survey, conducted by Sleepier, an organization dedicated to helping people sleep better. C. Sleep can make human more energy and fresh our body and mind. * Example: We face a lot of pressure and sleep can realize our tension and depression. (Transition: Lastly, let’s start by looking the importance of exercise to our healthy)III. Thirdly, importance of exercise to our healthy and more active. A. Exercise can reduce excess fats and toxics. * Examples: Jogging, playing badminton, running, walking is example of exercise. B. Regular daily exercise accelerates the body's natural detoxification mechanisms. * Physical activity increases blood circulation throughout the body allowing important nutrients to effectively reach our cells, tissue, organs, and muscles. Lymph fluid (part of the immune system) will also circulate more efficiently increasing the body's ability to kill pathogens and remove toxins.C. Exercise flushes metabolic waste and other harmful substances from our cells, and vital organs are cleansed. * Toxins can then be eliminated through the various bodily pathways. * Exercise can fit our body and can get ideal weight. Conclusion I. As we have seen, our responsible to take care our healthy. II. Most importance and valuable are healthy and active lifestyle. III. If we rich in property but we are not health , there are no use anymore. We can be healthy and active lifestyle ,say yes we can.